Focus on the means of production

While you’ll discover gold deposits around the map that, once exploited, provide a base income each turn you hold the territory, it’s never enough. You’ll desire more, and for that increasing production within your Cities proves vital. There are numerous buildings in the game, like the early-game Basilica (Augustus) and the Rail Station later on that provide gold buffs, granting you additional money each turn. The Rail Station, in particular, offers a base +8 Gold per Turn upon completion.
Some buildings to focus on include:
Basilica
Bazaar
Inn
Rail Station